Practical guides to high-traffic industrial standards: one-line summary, standard card, core requirements, reference chains and FAQ. Every claim traces back to official standard texts.
GB 7000.1-2015 is China's mandatory safety standard for luminaires — pendants, downlights, recessed luminaires, floodlights. It is identical to IEC 60598-1:2014 and pairs with Part 2 special requirements. The clauses, the classification dimensions, and the CCC connection.
GB 4706.1-2005 is the general safety standard for household appliances in China — rice cookers, hair dryers, heaters, microwave ovens. It is identical to IEC 60335-1 and pairs with 52 product-specific standards. The 32 clauses, the appliance classes, and the CCC connection.
GB 4943.1-2022 merges GB 4943.1-2011 (IT equipment) and GB 8898-2011 (audio/video equipment) into one standard, and adds button cell, acoustic radiation and wireless transmitter requirements. It also deviates from IEC 62368-1 on altitude (5000m) and overcurrent protection.
REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 governs chemicals in ALL products sold in the EU — registration, evaluation, authorisation, restriction. The SVHC list keeps growing, and above 0.1% triggers communication duties. How it differs from RoHS, and what exporters actually do.
RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU restricts 10 hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment — lead, mercury, cadmium and phthalates above limits mean no EU market. What it covers, the exact limits, how it differs from REACH, and the CE connection.
Power bank airline rules: under 100Wh carry-on, 100-160Wh airline approval, over 160Wh banned, never checked luggage. Plus the 2023 CCC requirement for power banks sold in China and why airlines check for the mark.
Exporting toys to multiple markets? GB 6675 (China), EN 71 (EU) and ASTM F963 (US) all cover mechanical, flammability and chemical safety — but details differ and reports don't substitute. A side-by-side comparison for toy exporters.
CCC is China's compulsory product certification — type testing, factory inspection, and annual surveillance. Which products need it, how the process works, and the mistakes that get certificates suspended.
Chinese standards explained: GB are mandatory; GB/T are recommended but become binding when cited by law, normatively referenced, or enterprise self-declared.
GB 31241-2014 is China's mandatory safety standard for lithium-ion batteries in portable electronics — phones, tablets, power banks. What it covers, what it tests, and how it differs from UN 38.3 and IEC 62133.
The EU Battery Regulation doesn't take effect all at once — carbon footprint, due diligence and battery passports phase in at different dates. Which deadlines matter for EV, industrial and LMT batteries.
GB 4943.1-2022 covers safety for audio/video, IT and telecom equipment — and has specific requirements for devices with button cell batteries: child-resistant compartments and mandatory warning labels. For chargers, remotes and small appliances.
CE vs CCC: the EU and China compulsory compliance regimes compared — legal basis, product scope, conformity models, marks and whether you need both.
GB 38031 covers in-vehicle battery safety in China; UN 38.3 covers lithium battery transport safety. Both matter for EV battery exports, but they govern completely different things. Plain-language explanation.
GB 6675 is the mandatory Chinese standard for toy safety — basic requirements, mechanical/physical, flammability, and specific products. What each part covers, how it relates to EN 71, and how to check.
UN 38.3: lithium battery transport safety tests T1-T8 — altitude, thermal, vibration, shock, short circuit, impact/crush, overcharge, forced discharge.
EU lithium battery export 2026 checklist: UN 38.3 testing, EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 CE marking, LVD/EMC/RED, RoHS/REACH, WEEE registration.
GB 38031-2025: China's mandatory EV battery safety standard, effective 2026-07-01 — cell/pack tests, 5-minute thermal propagation alarm, implementation.